• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Adjustable log vibrating clamp. Vibrating clamp comprising a central body (7) of integration or chassis of the different elements, two symmetrical arms (8) arranged and attached to both sides of the central body provided at its front end with grip pads (12) and a set of eccentric masses (19) integrated in a rotation axis driven by a hydraulic motor and mounted in the central body where, the arms (8) have a perpendicular grip regulation system according to the trunk diameter, and a system of opening and closing of the jaws that print the force necessary for the grip of the trunk with the jaws, in addition the eccentric masses (19) are provided with means for regulating the amplitude of the vibration and the grip pads (12) have means of regulation of pressure and temperature that allow to regulate the counted area and the temperature. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2560977A1
    申请号:ES201531302
    申请日:2015-09-14
    公开日:2016-02-23
    发明作者:Cristino CABRERO CARRASCO；Jesús A. GIL RIBES；Gregorio L. BLANCO ROLDÁN；Sergio CASTRO GARCÍA；Sergio TORRES GARCÍA；Rafael Rubén SOLA GUIRADO；Francisco J. CASTILLO RUIZ；Francisco CUADRO BOIZA
    申请人:Universidad de Cordoba；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    ADJUSTABLE TRUNK GRIPPER CLAMP
    DESCRIPTION
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    It is the object of the present invention, as the title establishes, an adjustable log vibrator used in machines for collecting arboreal fruits.
    The machine object of the invention is characterized by a vibrating clamp with grip at two points of the trunk that allows a coupling to it by two jaws arranged parallel to each other and arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the trunk. In addition, it has a system for adjusting the grips or grips of the jaws to the body of the caliper by means of a guided oil-hydraulic cylinder.
    The clamp has two orbital eccentric masses, in which it is possible to regulate, on the one hand, the eccentricity of the same by means of the operation of an oil-hydraulic cylinder and thus be able to establish the working amplitude and, on the other hand, the frequency of vibration The amplitude and frequency of the vibration are adjustable, to adapt the operation of the machine to various typologies of fruit trees, and various tree sizes.
    In addition, the machine has a system of catching the trunk through a hollow grip material through which an incompressible fluid circulates, to improve the coupling to the trunk, regulate the contact surface and cool the grip material.
    This clamp must be coupled to a tractor or other vehicle, which is responsible for providing support and power through a power take-off connected to the hydraulic pump. The coupling to the trunk is carried out by means of the actuation of two hydraulic cylinders connected to the jaws in its
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    opposite end, disposing just in front of the trunk and allowing a perpendicular support to prevent the expulsion of the trunk in a scissor effect reducing damage by debarking.
    Thanks to the characteristics of the machine, a high percentage of demolition of the fruit of the trees is achieved, assuming an advance against the design of the existing vibrating clamps, improving among other factors an improvement in the coupling between the tree and the machine.
    The present invention is framed in the agriculture sector and, more specifically, in the technical field of agricultural mechanization, its main application being the collection of fruits by grip and vibration of the trunk. In particular, the collection of fruits in olive groves or other intensive and traditional fruit species of 100 to 600 trees / ha characterized by having one or several vertical feet. In addition, it can also be used in other similar arboreal species such as nuts, stone fruits, citrus fruit trees, or any other hanging fruit on trees or shrubs.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    At present, the most commonly used devices for the collection of fruits in arboreal crops are the vibrators of logs or small single-use machines with various shaking mechanisms.
    Log vibrators are devices based on a vibrating clamp system with an eccentric mass, which is rotated by hydraulic systems. When the dough is rotated, a vibration is generated that is transmitted to the trunks of the trees, dropping the fruits to the ground or to collection tarps.
    While the use of log vibrators is widespread, in shrub plantations such as the olive tree, the demolition percentage using only
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    Mechanical means do not get the total fruit collection by themselves, since they have to transmit the vibration to all points of the arboreal mass, which morphologically is very variable. This diversity means that the design and characteristics of each clamp cannot achieve greater collection efficiency in all trees and can cause damage to the bark.
    The use of single-person collection equipment such as vibrators and / or branch shakers, facilitates or complements the collection work to improve its collection efficiency where its performance is not correct, although it increases working times
    The harvest of arboreal crops destined for industry entails certain difficulties in mechanization, due to multiple factors such as achieving a high percentage of demolition without serious damage to the fruit and the heterogeneity of plantations in different farms. To solve these problems, a basic principle of mechanization has been applied: the need to adapt the crop to the machine and the machine to the crop.
    We can classify the log vibrators according to the type of grip as two-point, three-point vibrators, etc. and depending on how they apply the movement to the tree in unidirectional, multidirectional and orbital.
    One of the main problems posed by log vibrators, in addition to being conditioned by the structure of the tree for the transmission of the vibration to the fruiting parts, are the damages produced to the trunk as a result of the grips and pressure exerted by the jaws. These damages are influenced by different factors such as:
    o Own of the plant or cultivation system: physiological state, applied irrigation, contribution of nitrogen fertilizer, variety, shape of the trunk, type of soil, resistance exerted by the wood of the tree, etc.
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    o Derived from the time of collection: time of collection, room temperature, relative humidity, etc. o Regarding the vibrating system: grip materials used, material temperature, contact surface, grip height to the trunk, mass of the vibrating head, grip type, vibration time, geometry and weight of the clamp, grip geometry , etc. o Due to the skill of the machine driver during the operation of gripping and removing the caliper. Human failures during these two operations cause a high percentage of debarking.
    The invention seeks to give special attention to the third point mentioned above, due to the importance that it entails for the productive conservation of the plantation and the damages that it produces, especially in the collection of table olives and early and late harvest of olive oil mill. Focusing on parameters of the caliper and the geometry of the grip, such as the perpendicular and parallel grip of the jaws to avoid the effect of expulsion of the trunk produced by other two-point grip vibrators such as scissors.
    The present invention raises a solution to the aforementioned technical problems existing in the state of the art, by means of a novel system of catching the trunk by regulating the catches of the jaws at the base of the vibrator according to the diameter of the trunk to vibrate, the objective is to obtain a correct grip of the same to avoid the debarking reaching an efficient transmission of the vibration to the arborea mass that produces the demolition of the fruit.
    In addition, thanks to the possibility of the regulation of vibration parameters and the possibility of collecting plantations of various fruit species and with different characteristics, it represents a great competitive advantage over the use of specific vibrating heads for the collection of fruit trees of different species and trees of very different characteristics.
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    The following patents relating to log vibrators ES2124644, ES2177442, ES2186552, ES2193816, ES2207358, ES2233129, ES2296532, ES2299326, ES2334296, ES2269007, ES2169688, ES2136516, US417016, US417016 are known in the state of the art.
    All the aforementioned patents have disadvantages such as:
    - Lack of parallel grip of the clamps on the clamp
    - Do not allow the regulation of the eccentricity of the masses
    - Not being able to regulate the contact surface of the jaws to the trunk
    - Not being able to regulate the temperature when taking the trunk.
    There are other patents of the state of the art, such as those which we will now describe, that are related to the object of the invention and that have certain particularities and aspects that can be improved.
    - The patent ES2049589 patent presents as disadvantages the system of catching the trunk, which is two points without possibility of perpendicular catching depending on the diameter of the trunk, in addition to not being able to regulate the eccentricity of the masses, the lack of selection of the vibration frequency, not being able to regulate the contact surface and the temperature in the materials of the trunk.
    - In the ES2112682 patent, a parallel grip of the jaws is not achieved in the clamp, in addition to not being able to regulate the eccentricity of the masses, nor the frequency of vibration, nor the contact surface and the temperature when catching trunk.
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    - In the US4903471 A patent, a parallel grip of the jaws between them in the fastener is not achieved, in addition to not being able to regulate the contact surface and the temperature in the seizure of the trunk, in addition to the regulation of the eccentric masses it is carried out with a hydraulic cylinder and a spring, a system that is complex.
    - In the US4893459 A patent, a parallel grip of the jaws between them in the clamp is not achieved, in addition to not being able to regulate the contact surface and the temperature in the seizure of the trunk, in addition the regulation of the eccentric masses is carried out with a fluid.
    - In the ES2273535 A1 patent, a parallel grip of the jaws between them in the fastener is not achieved, in addition to not being able to regulate the contact surface and the temperature in the seizure of the trunk, in addition the regulation of the eccentric masses is carried out with a hydraulic cylinder
    - In the ES2366853 A1 patent does not intervene in the grip of the jaws to the trunk, in addition the regulation of the eccentric masses is carried out with bolts.
    - In the Utility Model ES1076921 U does not intervene in the grip of the jaws to the trunk, in addition the regulation of the eccentric masses is carried out with a movable system depending on the direction of rotation.
    - The US5653097 patent does not make a grip with the parallel jaws, and does not include a system that modifies the geometry of the vibration masses. On the other hand, the gripping material is filled with a granulated solid, through which the cooling fluid is circulated in the moments when the clamp is not vibrating.
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    Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to develop an adjustable log vibrating clamp that simultaneously overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks:
    - Of lack of parallel grip in the clamping of the jaws with each other,
    - Do not allow the regulation of the eccentricity of the masses, or in case of owning the regulation system it is complex in operation.
    - Do not allow the selection of the vibration frequency,
    - Do not allow the selection of the contact surface
    - Do not allow the regulation of the temperature when taking the trunk.
    All this with the double objective of, on the one hand, achieving a very high percentage of fruit demolition, and on the other hand, ensuring a correct grip on the trunk that minimizes damage to it.
    Developing for this an adjustable log vibrator such as the one described below and is included in its essentiality in the first claim.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The object of the present invention is an adjustable log vibrator used in a machine for the collection of arboreal fruits, where the clamp comprises:
    - A central body of integration or chassis of the different elements,
    - Two symmetrical arms arranged on both sides of the central body provided at its front end to catch the trunk of some grip pads. These arms in their union with the central body have:
    o A perpendicular grip adjustment system based on the trunk diameter
    or a system of closing the arms such that there is a parallel grip of the jaws in the fastener.
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    o A system for opening and closing the jaws that print the force necessary to grip the trunk with the jaws.
    - A set of eccentric masses integrated in a rotation axis driven by a hydraulic motor, provided with means for regulating the amplitude of the vibration.
    The grip pads have means for regulating pressure exerted on the logs that makes it possible to increase the contact area and control of the temperature of the material of the grip pads.
    The parallel closing system of the arms is such that there is a parallel grip of the jaws in the fastening and is achieved by the combined operation of the means used for the regulation of the grip and of the means for opening and closing the jaws. .
    The pressure and temperature regulation system seeks to minimize damage due to debarking by regulating the contact surface and the temperature of the block, and in a possible embodiment it comprises flexible, resistant hoses that run through the inside of the pads and that they end in collectors in which two hoses are inserted, one of oil supply and another of evacuation, with which the regulation of the internal pressure and the refrigeration of the same is achieved.
    The set of eccentric masses, in a possible embodiment, includes an oleohydraulic cylinder that allows them to be separated into two blocks, reducing eccentricity to a very reduced level. In this way the amplitude of the vibration generated in the system is regulated.
    The perpendicular grip adjustment system according to the trunk diameter, in a possible embodiment is materialized by a cylinder that joins the lower ends of the clamp arms at its junction with the central body.
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    The opening and closing system of the jaws responsible for printing the force necessary for the grip of the trunk with the jaws, in a possible embodiment, comprises two cylinders that connect the front third of the arms with the central body by means of a guide or slide.
    Thanks to the fact that the clamp is configurable in its geometry as in the parameters involved in the demolition of the fruit, it is possible to reduce the barking of arboreal structures in active phenological states of the vascular cambium.
    As it is possible to regulate the amplitude of the vibration as the frequency of the same allows to optimize the vibration of the machine for its application in different types of fruit trees and in trees of different size.
    The modification of the hydraulic power and the frequency of vibration, by means of the regulation of the hydraulic pump, can be done either manually or automatically adapting it to different trees.
    Before starting to work with the invention, the clamp must be configured according to the cultivation system, physiological age of the tree, trunk diameter, variety and time of collection, as well as the working capacity of the vehicle carrying the vibrator.
    Once the operating parameters have been established, the work dynamics of the present invention according to the typology described above is defined as discontinuous, being understood as the positioning of the clamp object of invention in each tree, coupling the vibrating head to the trunk and activating for the demolition of its fruit a trunk vibration mechanism. Once this intervention has been carried out, the mechanism is retracted and the cycle is restarted.
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    Unless otherwise indicated, all the technical and scientific elements used herein have the meaning that the normal expert in the technique to which this invention belongs belongs to. In the practice of the present invention procedures and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used.
    Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention.
    EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES
    In order to achieve a better understanding of the invention set forth above about the objectives, characteristics and advantages thereof, a set of detailed figures with an illustrative and non-limiting nature such as the following are included:
    Figure 1 shows a representation of the plan view of the vibrating clamp object of the invention.
    Figure 2 shows an isometric representation of the orbital eccentric masses used in the vibrating clamp.
    Figure 3 shows a detail of the system used for the parallel grip of the jaws.
    Figure 4 shows an isometric representation of the trunk grip material disposed on the jaws.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
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    In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.
    In figure 1 we can see the vibrating clamp in its entirety that includes:
    - A central structure (7), or integrating body of the different elements having an upper part according to the view shown or a front part provided with a circular housing (18) and a lower part formed by the two limb joining elements divergent
    - Two symmetrical arms (8) arranged on both sides of the central body (7) and provided at its upper end with adjustable grip pads (12). Said symmetrical arms (8) are attached to the central body (7):
    or at its lower end to the two divergent extremities of the central body by means of bolts (9) the lower ends being joined together by a first cylinder (13). or in its central part by means of guides or slides (11) or in its upper third by means of second cylinders (10)
    - A set of eccentric masses (19) arranged in the circular housing (18) of the central element (7)
    The first cylinder (13) has the mission of keeping the two grip pads (12) parallel once the trunk has been grasped. The regulation of this first cylinder will depend on the diameter and geometry of the trunk.
    The two second cylinders (10), which in a possible embodiment, can be oleohydraulic cylinders (10), have the mission of regulating the grip strength of the arms (8) to the trunk. Their action produces the displacement by the guides (11), which prevent any unwanted torsion of the system.
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    The combined operation of the first cylinder (13) and the second cylinders (10) allows the parallel closure of the arms (8).
    The grip pads (12) provided at the free ends of the arms (8), in a possible embodiment, are made of rubber, housing inside means capable of regulating the pressure and controlling the internal temperature thereof. .
    Figure 2 shows in detail the set of eccentric masses (19) responsible for generating a vibratory movement of the shaft-clamp assembly, once the arms are attached to the trunk of the tree. Said set of eccentric masses is housed in the central structure (7) in the circular housing and has an axis (6) to which a uniform rotational movement forced by the transmission of a hydraulic motor, not shown, is transmitted.
    The set of eccentric masses (19) comprises:
    - A movable inner part (1) provided with a central perforation
    - A fixed part (2) arranged outside the mobile part (1); where both mobile (1) and fixed (2) parts are provided with aligned central perforations
    - A third cylinder (3) responsible for maintaining the relative position of both parts, the fixed one (1) and the mobile (2) by using a three-pin link (4) and an arc-push link (5) , where:
    or the end of the third cylinder (3) is attached to one end of the three pivot link (4)
    or the central pivot of the link (4) is attached to the movable mass (2) or the other end of the link (4) is attached to an end of the thrust (5)
    or the other end of the arch-thrust (5) to the moving part (1)
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    The different relative positions between the pieces described as a result of the action on the third cylinder (3), will produce the different eccentricities of the system, and therefore generate different acceleration values.
    The third cylinder (3), in a possible embodiment, may preferably be a hydraulic oil cylinder.
    Figure 3 shows the detail of the parallel grip system of both jaws (8) to the trunk in its movement with respect to the central structure (7).
    Said system facilitates the linear travel of the rotation bolts (9) by means of the traction drive of a hydraulic oil cylinder (13). In turn, so that the path of both arms is the same at all times, it has the support of an articulated structure, which in its central part has an articulation (14) that runs through a longitudinal guide groove of support (15 ) arranged on the central structure (7).
    A grip pad (12) is shown in Figure 4, which as indicated above has pressure and temperature regulation means that a preferred embodiment comprises one or more hoses (16) running as a coil inside the length of the grip pads (12) and ending in a manifold in which two hoses are inserted, one of oil supply and another of evacuation
    Inside these hoses (16) runs a fluid, preferably oil, so they are resistant oil hoses, and do so according to the direction of the arrows (17) seeking to obtain two objectives:
    - on the one hand, refrigerate the material of the grip pads (12) from the inner core thereof, to prevent the temperature from rising in excess.
    - On the other hand, provide a capacity for pressure regulation inside the hoses (16) in order to provide the system with
    greater or lesser resistance, and therefore, of different areas of contact with the trunk during the grip.
    Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is stated that, within its essentiality, it may be put into practice in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought, provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
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    1. - Adjustable log vibrating clamp comprising:
    - A central body (7) of integration or chassis of the different elements,
    - Two symmetrical arms (8) arranged and attached to both sides of the central body provided at its upper end with a grip pad (12).
    - A set of eccentric masses (19) integrated in a rotation axis driven by a hydraulic motor and mounted in the central body
    Characterized because:
    - These arms (8) in their union with the central body have:
    o A perpendicular grip adjustment system based on the trunk diameter
    o A system with arm closure such that there is a parallel grip of the jaws in the fastener.
    o A system for opening and closing the jaws that print the force necessary to grip the trunk with the jaws.
    - The eccentric mass system (19) is provided with means for regulating the amplitude of the vibration.
    - The grip pads (12) have means for regulating the pressure exerted on the trunks which makes it possible to increase the contact area and control of the temperature of the material of the grip pads.
    [2]
    2. - Adjustable log vibrating clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that the perpendicular grip adjustment system according to the trunk diameter of the arms comprises a first cylinder (13)
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    which joins the lower ends of the arms to the central body by means of bolts (9).
    [3]
    3. - Adjustable log vibrating clamp according to claim 2 characterized in that associated with the first cylinder (13) there is an articulated structure in its central part that has an articulation (14) that runs through a longitudinal guide groove of support (15) arranged on the center piece (7), so that the path of both arms (8) is the same at all times has the support of an articulated structure.
    [4]
    4. - Adjustable log vibrating clamp according to claim 1 characterized in that the jaw opening and closing system that prints the force necessary for the grip of the trunk with the jaws comprises a second cylinder (10) arranged in the front third of the arms and joined with the central body by means of a guide or slide (11).
    [5]
    5. - Adjustable log vibrating clamp according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the set of eccentric masses (19) comprises:
    - A movable inner part (1) provided with a central perforation
    - A fixed part (2) arranged outside the mobile part (1);
    where both pieces, mobile (1) and fixed (2) are provided with
    central perforations aligned
    - A third cylinder (3) in charge of maintaining the relative position of both pieces, the fixed one (1) and the mobile one (2), and therefore of the amplitude of the vibration, using a three-pivot link (4 ) and an arc-push link (5),
    [6]
    6. - Adjustable log vibrating clamp according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the pressure regulating means exerted on the logs that makes it possible to increase the contact area and the control of the temperature of the material of the grip pads comprise one or more hoses (16) that run as a coil through the interior of the
    length of the grip pads (12) and ending in collectors in which two hoses are inserted, one of oil supply and another of evacuation.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2560977B1|2016-09-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US4903471A|1988-07-08|1990-02-27|Fmc Corporation|Shaking method and apparatus for moving masses between balanced and unbalanced positions while rotating|
    US5489008A|1995-02-08|1996-02-06|Orchard-Rite Ltd., Inc.|Cooling and lubricating system for nut tree shaker|
    ES2136516A1|1996-10-07|1999-11-16|Pellenc Sa|Vibrator clamp with orientable jaws and vibrator equipped with said clamp|
    ES2169688A1|1999-10-19|2002-07-01|Pellenc Sa|Vibrating head for fruits harvesting machine includes a clamp with two jaws made of sheets of a material having a high elastic limit, cut by laser then assembled with crosspieces|
    ES2273535A1|2004-05-05|2007-05-01|Ana Maria Trassierra Plaza|Hydraulic vibratory system for harvesting of fruit trees has rubber blocks to prevent transmission of vibrations to tree whose trunk is held by clamps|
    ES2334296A1|2006-07-20|2010-03-08|Pellec Iberica Sl|Vibrating tongs with an adaptable clamping force for fruit harvesting|
    ES2269007A2|2006-08-07|2007-03-16|Agricola Noli, S.A.|Vibrating equipment for trees, has central extension, provided on common jaw support of vibrating clamp, which connects piston rods of two short cylinders to jaws such that these open/close symmetrically|IT201700001146A1|2017-01-05|2018-07-05|Masi Antonino De|Personalized shaking and anti-bark shaking device for mechanized harvesting of hanging fruits|
    WO2018127799A1|2017-01-05|2018-07-12|De Masi Antonino|Shaking device avoiding bark removal for mechanized collection of hanging fruits|
    法律状态:
    2016-09-08| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2560977 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20160908 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201531302A|ES2560977B1|2015-09-14|2015-09-14|Adjustable log vibrating clamp|ES201531302A| ES2560977B1|2015-09-14|2015-09-14|Adjustable log vibrating clamp|
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